5 Most Common Types of Life Jackets

According to a 2018 executive report by uscgboating.org, 77% of all boating deaths were caused by drowning. Of those, 84% were not wearing life jackets. And, a staggering 74% of all boating fatalities occurred when the operator had no formal boating safety instruction. A portion of these fatalities could have been avoided through proper boat safety training & life jacket usage.

There are 5 main types of Personal Flotation Devices, or PFDs, and they all have slightly different intended uses. Modern-day PFDs come in many different styles and designs to fit any boating need. But first and foremost, always remember that as per the United States Coast Guard, anyone under the age of 13 must wear a proper PFD at all times while the vessel is underway (anytime the boat is not anchored or tied to the dock, whether under power or not).

The most common type of life jackets on today’s small to mid-size recreational boat is the Type II, pictured in the graphic above. You must have at least one of proper size for each individual on board. You must also have a throw-able flotation device with a line attached of suitable length. This can be a Type IV pictured above or a more substantial Type IV life ring and line (pictured below).

Type IV Life Ring

Type I is often called the offshore vest. It is the safest recreational vest commonly available. When they fit correctly, they are secure and will keep the occupant on their back with their head above water, even if injured or unconscious. If you commonly venture offshore, this is the vest that should be on board for you and your crew / guests.

Type II is the one I find on most small, recreational vessels. This style is also designed to keep the occupant on their back with their head above water. This vest will do its job if fitted properly and is suitable for most inshore boating.

Type III, sometimes called a ski vest, is commonly worn by those using personal watercraft, small sailboats and kayaks / canoes. While many feel that its more comfortable to wear than a Type I or II, it does not do as good of a job off keeping the occupant floating face up. This becomes a big concern if the occupant is unconscious.

Type IV is a throw-able device. These can be the traditional square “cushion” style, or the more preferred life ring. The intended use of the Yype IV is to be thrown to a person in the water to aid in recovery. For boats under 65 feet, there must be a line of at least 60 feet attached. Floating line is recommended in a high visibility color, such as bright orange or yellow.

Type V are inflatable devices and either automatically inflate when submerged, or require the occupant to pull a cord in order to inflate. The benefit to these devices is that they are considered more comfortable to wear. The drawbacks are that, just like the Type III above, they do not guarantee that an unconscious or badly injured occupant will float face-up. Additionally, these devices require the replacement of the inflation cartridge after each inflation or at the required expiration.

With any of these devices, fit is important factor to consider. Follow the manufactures recommendation for fit and sizing, and always adjust it to yourself to make sure it fits securely. Generally, this will mean that it fits snug enough that it can not be pulled over your head.

Each life saving device has its proper place on the water, from off- shore to back bay, but it’s important to remember that they only work if you wear them.

Many lives have been lost for failure to wear a life jacket. If you have any questions about what you should have on board to keep you and your family safe, just contact us and we will help you navigate through any concerns you may have.

I have included several links below where you can view and shop for the proper PFD for you and your family.

Fair Wind and Calm Seas,
Captain Ed